医学英语视频认识高钾血症的原因表现治

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Hyperkalemia（高钾血症）referstoabnormallyhighlevelsofpotassiumintheblood.Innormalcircumstances（情况）,morethan90%ofthetotalbodypotassiumisintracellular（细胞内的）;theremainingisintheextracellularfluid（细胞外液）andbloodplasma(血浆).

Theratioofintracellulartoextracellularpotassiumisimportantforgenerationofactionpotentials（动作电位）andisessentialfornormalfunctionsofneurons（神经元）,skeletalmuscles（骨骼肌）andcardiacmuscles（心肌）.

Thisiswhypotassiumlevelsinthebloodarestrictlyregulatedwithinanarrowrangebetween3.5and5mmol/L.

Asthenormaldailydietaryintakeofpotassiumvarieswidelyandcanbeasmuchasmmoladay,thebodymustquicklyandprecisely（精确地）reacttokeepbloodpotassiumlevelswithinthenormallimits.

Thisisachievedby2mechanisms（机制）:

-Excretionofpotassiumthroughthekidneys（肾脏）andintestines（肠）;withthekidneysplayingapredominantrole（主要的作用）.

-Shiftingofpotassiumfromtheextracellularfluid（细胞外液）intothecellsbythesodium/potassiumpump（钠钾泵）.

Thepumpismainlyregulatedbyhormonessuchasinsulin（胰岛素）andcatecholamines（儿茶酚胺）.

Hyperkalemiaisdefinedasaserumpotassiumconcentration（血清钾浓度）higherthan5mmol/L.

Hyperkalemiamayresultfromdecreasedexcretion,excessiveintake,orshiftofpotassiumfrominsidethecellstoextra-cellularspace.

高钾血症可能是由于排泄减少，摄入过多，或钾从细胞内转移到细胞外间隙所致。

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