医学英语视频低钾血症的原因表现治疗

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Hypokalemia（低钾血症）referstoabnormallylowlevelsofpotassiumintheblood.

Innormalcircumstances,morethanninetypercentofthetotalbodypotassiumisintracellular,theremainingisintheextracellularfluidandbloodplasma.

正常情况下，全身90%以上的钾位于细胞内，其余的位于细胞外液和血浆中。

Theratio（比率）ofintracellular（细胞内的）toextracellular（细胞外的）potassiumisimportantforgenerationofactionpotentials（动作电位）,andisessentialfornormalfunctionsofneurons（神经元）,skeletalmuscles（骨骼肌）,andcardiacmuscles（心肌）.

Thisiswhypotassium（钾）levelsinthebloodarestrictlyregulatedwithinanarrowrangebetween3.5and5millimolesperliter（mmol/L）.

Asthenormaldailydietaryintakeofpotassiumvarieswidelyandcanbeasmuchasmillimolesaday.Thebodymustquicklyandprecisely（精确地）reacttokeepbloodpotassiumlevelswithinthenormallimits.

Thisisachievedbytwomechanisms（两种机制）:excretionofpotassiumthroughthekidneys（肾脏）andintestines（肠）withthekidneysplayingapredominantrole（主要的角色）,shiftingofpotassiumfromtheextracellularfluidintothecellsbythesodiumpotassiumpump（钠钾泵）.

Thepumpismainlyregulatedbyhormonessuchasinsulin（胰岛素）andcatecholamines（儿茶酚胺）.Hypokalemiaisdefinedasaserumpotassiumconcentration（血清钾浓度）lowerthan3.5millimeterliter.

Hypokalemiamayresultfromincreasedexcretioninadequateintakeorshifttopotassiumfromtheextracellularfluidintothecells.

低钾血症可能是由排泄增加，摄入量不足或钾从细胞外液转移到细胞内所致。

Poorintakeorintracellularshiftalonerarelycausesthedisease,butmaybeacontributingfactor（影响因素）.Most

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